factor 音标拼音: [f'æktɚ]
n . 因素,要素;因子,因数,系数
因素,要素;因数,因数,系数
factor 等价二进制数位因子
factor 因数; 因素
FAC
factor 品质因数
factor 因子 因式 因数 商
factor n 1 :
anything that contributes causally to a result ; "
a number of factors determined the outcome "
2 :
an abstract part of something ; "
jealousy was a component of his character "; "
two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony "; "
the grammatical elements of a sentence "; "
a key factor in her success "; "
humor :
an effective ingredient of a speech " [
synonym : {
component },
{
constituent }, {
element }, {
factor }, {
ingredient }]
3 :
one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer ; "
what are the 4 factors of 6 ?" [
synonym :
{
divisor }, {
factor }]
4 :
a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission [
synonym : {
agent }, {
factor }, {
broker }]
5 :
any of the numbers (
or symbols )
that form a product when multiplied together 6 :
an independent variable in statistics 7 : (
genetics )
a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain ;
it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons ;
it is considered a unit of heredity ; "
genes were formerly called factors " [
synonym : {
gene }, {
cistron }, {
factor }]
v 1 :
resolve into factors ; "
a quantum computer can factor the number 15 " [
synonym : {
factor }, {
factor in }, {
factor out }]
2 :
be a contributing factor ; "
make things factor into a company '
s profitability "
3 :
consider as relevant when making a decision ; "
You must factor in the recent developments " [
synonym : {
factor }, {
factor in },
{
factor out }]
Factor \
Fac "
tor \,
v .
t . [
imp . &
p .
p . {
Factored } (-
t [
e ^]
rd );
p .
pr . &
vb .
n . {
Factoring }.] (
Mach .)
To resolve (
a quantity )
into its factors .
[
1913 Webster ]
Factor \
Fac "
tor \,
n . [
L .
factor a doer :
cf .
F .
facteur a factor .
See {
Fact }.]
1 . (
Law )
One who transacts business for another ;
an agent ;
a substitute ;
especially ,
a mercantile agent who buys and sells goods and transacts business for others in commission ;
a commission merchant or consignee .
He may be a home factor or a foreign factor .
He may buy and sell in his own name ,
and he is intrusted with the possession and control of the goods ;
and in these respects he differs from a broker . --
Story . --
Wharton .
[
1913 Webster ]
My factor sends me word ,
a merchant '
s fled That owes me for a hundred tun of wine . --
Marlowe .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
A steward or bailiff of an estate . [
Scot .] --
Sir W .
Scott .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 . (
Math .)
One of the elements or quantities which ,
when multiplied together ,
form a product .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
One of the elements ,
circumstances ,
or influences which contribute to produce a result ;
a constituent ;
a contributory cause .
[
1913 Webster PJC ]
The materal and dynamical factors of nutrition . --
H .
Spencer .
[
1913 Webster ]
187 Moby Thesaurus words for "
factor ":
Altmann theory ,
DNA ,
De Vries theory ,
Federal ,
Galtonian theory ,
MC ,
Mendelianism ,
Mendelism ,
RNA ,
Verworn theory ,
Weismann theory ,
Weismannism ,
Wiesner theory ,
adjunct ,
adjutant ,
agency ,
agent ,
aid ,
allele ,
allelomorph ,
amanuensis ,
antecedent ,
antecedents ,
appraise ,
appurtenance ,
article ,
aspect ,
assess ,
assignee ,
assistant ,
attorney ,
backer ,
baggage agent ,
bailiff ,
banker ,
base ,
basis ,
birth ,
business agent ,
butler ,
call ,
case ,
catalog ,
categorize ,
causation ,
cause ,
cause and effect ,
character ,
chromatid ,
chromatin ,
chromosome ,
circumstance ,
claim agent ,
class ,
classify ,
clerk ,
coadjutor ,
commercial agent ,
commission agent ,
component ,
consideration ,
consignee ,
constituent ,
contents ,
count ,
croupier ,
curator ,
custodian ,
customer agent ,
datum ,
deputy ,
detail ,
determinant ,
determinative ,
determiner ,
diathesis ,
dupe ,
element ,
emcee ,
endowment ,
etiology ,
eugenics ,
evaluate ,
facet ,
fact ,
feature ,
fed ,
federal agent ,
financier ,
fixings ,
freight agent ,
functionary ,
gauge ,
gene ,
general agent ,
genesiology ,
genetic code ,
genetics ,
go -
between ,
ground ,
grounds ,
group ,
guardian ,
helper ,
hereditability ,
heredity ,
heritability ,
heritage ,
housekeeper ,
identify ,
implement ,
inborn capacity ,
incidental ,
influence ,
ingredient ,
inheritability ,
inheritance ,
instance ,
instrument ,
instrumentality ,
insurance agent ,
integrant ,
intermediary ,
item ,
land agent ,
landreeve ,
law agent ,
lender ,
librarian ,
literary agent ,
loan agent ,
majordomo ,
makings ,
master of ceremonies ,
matrocliny ,
matter ,
means ,
middleman ,
minor detail ,
minutia ,
minutiae ,
moneylender ,
news agent ,
occasion ,
official ,
parliamentary agent ,
part ,
part and parcel ,
particular ,
passenger agent ,
patrocliny ,
pharmacogenetics ,
piece ,
point ,
press agent ,
principle ,
proctor ,
procurator ,
proxy ,
puppet ,
purchasing agent ,
real estate agent ,
recessive character ,
regard ,
replication ,
representative ,
respect ,
sales agent ,
secretary ,
seneschal ,
sift ,
sort ,
sort out ,
special agent ,
specialty ,
station agent ,
steward ,
stimulus ,
theatrical agent ,
thing ,
thrash out ,
ticket agent ,
tool ,
travel agent ,
walking delegate ,
weigh ,
winnow A quantity which is multiplied by another quantity .
See also {
divisor }.
[{
Jargon File }]
factor :
n .
See coefficient of X .
FACTOR ,
contracts .
An agent employed to sell goods or merchandise consigned or delivered to him by ,
or for his principal ,
for a compensation commonly called factorage or commission .
Paley on Ag .
13 ;
1 Liverin .
on Ag .
68 ;
Story on Ag .
Sec .
33 ;
Com .
Dig .
Merchant ,
B ;
Mal .
Lex Merc .
81 ;
Beawes ,
Lex Merc .
44 ;
3 Chit .
Com .
Law ,
193 ;
2 Kent ,
Com .
622 ,
note d ,
3d .
ed .;
1 Bell '
s Com .
385 ,
Sec .
408 ,
409 2 B . &
Ald .
143 .
He is also called a commission merchant ,
or consignee .
2 .
When he resides in the same state or country with his principal ,
he is called a home factor ;
and a foreign factor when he resides in a different state or country .
3 Chit .
Com .
Law ,
193 ;
1 T .
R .
112 ;
4 M . &
S .
576 ;
1 Bell '
s Com .
289 ,
Sec .
313 .
3 .
When the agent accompanies the ship ,
taking a cargo aboard ,
and it is consigned to him for sale ,
and he is to purchase a return cargo out of the proceeds ,
such agent is properly called a factor ;
he is ,
however ,
usually known by the name of a supercargo .
Beawes ,
Lex More .
44 ,
47 ;
Liverm .
on Ag .
69 ,
70 ;
1 Domat ,
b .
1 ,
t .
16 ,
Sec .
3 ,
art .
2 .
4 .
A factor differs .
from a broker ,
in some important particulars ,
namely ;
he may buy and sell for his principal in his own name ,
as well as in the name of his principal ;
on the contrary ,
a broker acting as such should buy and sell in the name of his principal .
3 Chit .
Com .
Law ,
193 ,
2101 541 ;
2 B . &
Ald .
143 ,
148 ;
8 Kent ,
Com .
622 ,
note d ,
3d .
ed .
Again ,
a factor is entrusted with the possession ,
management ,
disposal ,
and control of the goods to be bought and sold ,
and has a special property and a lien on them ;
the broker ,
on the contrary ,
has usually no such possession ,
management ,
control ,
or disposal of the goods ,
nor any such special property nor lien .
Paley on Ag .
13 ,
Lloyd '
s ed ;
1 Bell '
s Com .
385 .
5 .
Before proceeding further it will be proper to consider the difference which exists in the liability of a home or domestic factor and a foreign factor .
6 .
By the usages of trade ,
or intendment of law ,
when domestic factors are employed in the ordinary business of buying and selling goods ,
it is presumed that a reciprocal credit between ,
the principal and the agent and third persons has been given .
When a purchase has been made by such a factor ,
he ,
as well as his principal ,
is deemed liable for the debt ;
and in case of a sale ,
the buyer is responsible both to the factor and principal for the purchase money ;
but this presumption may be rebutted by proof of exclusive credit .
Story ,
Ag .
Sec .
267 ,
291 ,
293 ;
Paley ,
Ag .
243 ,
371 ;
9 B . &
C .
78 ;
15 East ,
R .
62 .
7 .
Foreign factors ,
or those acting for principals residing in a foreign country ,
are held personally liable upon all contracts made by them for their employers ,
whether they describe themselves in the contract as agents or not .
In such cases ,
the presumption is ,
that the credit is given exclusively to the factor .
But this presumption may be rebutted by a proof of a contrary agreement .
Story ,
Ag .
Sec .
268 ;
Paley ,
Ag .
248 ,
373 ;
Bull .
N .
P .
130 ;
Smith ,
Merc .
Law ,
66 ;
2 Liverm .
Ag .
249 ;
1 B . &
P .
398 ;
15 East ,
R .
62 ;
9 B . &
C .
78 .
8 .
A factor is liable to duties ,
which will be first considered ;
and ,
afterwards ,
a statement of his rights will be made .
9 .-
1 .
His duties .
He is required to use reasonable skill and ordinary diligence in his vocation ;
in general ,
he has a right to sell the goods ,
but he cannot pawn them .
The latter branch of this rule ,
however ,
is altered by statute in some of the states .
See Act of Penna .
April 14 ,
1834 ,
Sec .
3 ,
4 ,
6 ,
postea [?],
20 .
He is bound to obey his instructions ,
but when he has none ,
he may and ought to act according to the general usages of trade sell for cash ,
when that is usual ,
or give credit on sales ,
when that is customary .
He is bound to render a just account to his principal ,
and to pay him the moneys he may receive for him .
10 .-
2 .
His rights .
He has the right to sell the goods in his own name ;
and ,
when untrammeled by instructions ,
he may sell them at such times and for such prices ,
as ,
in the exercise of a just discretion ,
he may think best for his employer .
3 Man .
Gran . &
Scott ,
380 .
He is ,
for many purposes ,
between himself and third persons ,
to be considered as the owner of the goods .
He may ,
therefore ,
recover the price of goods sold by him ,
in his own name ,
and ,
consequently ,
he may receive payment and give receipts ,
and discharge the debtor ,
unless ,
indeed ,
notice has been given by the principal to the debtor not to pay .
He has a lien on the goods for advances made by him ,
and for his commissions .
11 .
Mr .
Bell ,
in his Commentaries ,
vol .
1 ,
page 265 ,
5th ed .,
lays down the following rules with regard to the rights of the principal ,
in those cases in which the goods in the factor '
s hands have been changed in the course of his transactions .
12 .-
1 .
When the factor has sold the goods of his principal ,
and failed before the price of the goods has been paid ,
the principal is the creditor ,
and .
entitled to a preference over the creditors of the factor .
Cook '
s B .
L .
4th ed .
p .
400 .
13 .-
2 .
When bills have been taken for the price ,
and are still in the factor '
s hands ,
undiscounted at his failure ;
or where goods have been taken in return for those sold ;
the principal is entitled to them ,
as forming no part of the divisible fund .
Willes ,
R .
400 .
14 .-
3 .
When the price has been paid in money ,
coin ,
bank notes , &
c .,
it remains the property of the principal ,
if kept distinct as his .
5 T .
la .
277 ;
2 Burr .
1369 5 Ves .
Jr .
169 ;
2 Mont .
B .
L .
233 ,
notes .
15 .-
4 .
When a bill received for goods ,
or placed with the factor ,
has been discounted ,
or when money coming into his hands has been paid away ,
the endorsee of the bill ,
or the person receiving the money ,
will be free from all claim at the instance of the principal .
Vide 1 B . &
P .
539 ,
648 .
16 .-
5 .
When the factor sinks the name of the principal entirely ;
as ,
where he is employed to sell goods ,
and receives a del credere commission ,
for which he engages to guarantee the payment to the principal ,
it is not the practice to communicate the names of the purchasers to the principal ,
except where the factor fails .
Under these circumstances ,
the following points have the principal is the creditor of the buyer ,
and has a direct action against him for the price .
Cook '
s B .
L .
400 ;
and vide Bull .
N .
P .
42 2 Stra .
1 1 82 .
But persons contracting with the factor in his own name ,
and bona fide ,
are entitled to set off the factor '
s debt to them .
7 T .
R .
360 .
2 .
Where the factor is entrusted with the money or property of his principal to buy stock ,
bills ,
and the like ,
and misapplies it ,
the produce will be the principal '
s ,
if clearly distinguishable .
8 M . &
S .
562 .
17 .-
6 .
When the factor purchases goods for the behalf of his principal ,
but on his own general ,
current account ,
without mention of the principal ,
the goods vest in the factor ,
and the principal has only an obligation against the factor '
s estate .
But when the factor ,
after purchasing the goods ,
writes to his principal that he has bought such a quantity of goods in consequence of his order ,
and that they are lying in his warehouse ,
or elsewhere ,
the property would seem to be vested in the principal .
18 .
It may therefore be laid down as a general rule ,
that when the property remitted by the principal ,
or acquired for him by his order ,
is found distinguishable in the hands of the factor ,
capable of being traced by a clear and connected chain of identity ,
in no one link of it degenerating from a specific trust into a general debt ,
the creditors of the factor ,
who has become bankrupt ,
have no right to the specific property .
Much discrimination is requisite in the application of this doctrine ,
as may be seen by the case of Ex parte Sayers ,
5 Ves .
Jr .
169 .
19 .
A factor has no right to barter the goods of his principal ,
nor to pledge them for the purpose of raising money for himself ,
or to secure a debt he may owe .
See ante ,
9 -
1 .
But he may pledge them for advances made to his principal ,
or for the purpose of raising money for him ,
or in order to reimburse himself to the amount of his own lien .
2 Kent ,
Com .
3d .
ed :,
625 to 628 ;
4 John .
R .,
103 ;
Story on Bailm .
Sec .
325 ,
326 ,
327 .
Another exception to the general rule that a factor cannot pledge the goods of his principal ,
is ,
that he may raise money b pledging the goods ,
for the payment of '
duties ,
or any other charge or purpose allowed or justified by the usages of trade .
2 Gall .
13 ;
6 Serg . &
Rawle ,
386 ;
Paley on Ag .
217 ;
3 Esp .
R .
182 .
20 .
The legislature of Pennsylvania ,
by an act entitled "
An act for the amendment of the law relating to factors passed April 14 ,
1834 ,
have made the following provisions .
This act was prepared by the persons appointed to revise the civil code of that state ,
and was adopted without alteration by the legislature .
It is here inserted ,
with a belief that it will be found useful to the commercial lawyer of the other states .
21 .-
1 .
Whenever any person entrusted with merchandise ,
and having authority to sell or consign the same ,
shall ship ,
or otherwise transmit tile same to any other person ,
such other person shall have a lien thereon .
22 .-
I .
For any money advanced ,
or negotiable security given by him on the faith of such consignment ,
to or for the use of the person in whose name such merchandise was shipped or transmitted .
23 .-
II .
For any money or negotiable security ,
received for the use of such consignee ,
by the person ,
in whose name such merchandise was shipped or transmitted .
24 .-
2 .
But such lien shall not exist for any of the purposes aforesaid ,
if such consignee shall have notice by the bill of lading ,
or otherwise ,
before the time of such advance or receipt ,
that the person in whose name such merchandise was shipped or transmitted ,
is not the actual owner thereof .
25 .-
3 .
Whenever any consignee or factor ,
having possession of merchandise ,
with authority to sell the same ,
or having possession of any bill of lading ,
permit ,
certificate ,
receipt ,
or order ,
for the delivery of merchandise ,
with the like authority ,
shall deposit or pledge such merchandise ,
or any part thereof ,
with any other person ,
as a security for any money advanced ,
or negotiable instrument given by him on the faith thereof ;
such other person shall acquire ,
by virtue of such contract ,
the same interest in ,
and authority over ,
the said merchandise ,
as ,
he would have acquired thereby if such consignee or factor had been the actual owner thereof .
Provided ,
That such person shall not have notice by such document or otherwise ,
before the time of such advance or receipt ,
that the holder of such merchandise or document is not the actual owner of such merchandise .
26 .-
4 .
If any person shall accept or take such merchandise or document from any such consignee or factor ,
in deposit or pledge for any debt or demand previously due by ,
or existing against ,
such consignee or factor ,
and without notice as aforesaid ,
and if any person shall accept or take such merchandise or document from any such consignee or factor ,
in deposit or pledge ,
without notice or knowledge that the person making such deposit or pledge ,
is a consignee or factor only ,
in every such case the person accepting or taking such .
merchandise or document in deposit or pledge ,
shall acquire the same right and interest in such merchandise as was possessed ,
or could have been enforced ,
by such consignee or factor against his principal at the time of making such deposit or pledge ,
and further or other right or interest .
27 .-
5 .
Nothing in this act contained shall be construed or taken :
I .
To affect any lien which a .
consignee or factor may possess at law ,
for the expenses and charges attending the shipment ,
or transmission and care of merchandise consigned ,
or otherwise intrusted to him .
28 .-
II .
Nor to prevent the actual owner of merchandise from recovering the same from such consignee or factor ,
before the same shall have been deposited or pledged as aforesaid ,
or from the assignees or trustees of such consignee or factor ,
in the event of his insolvency .
29 .-
III .
Nor to prevent such owner from recovering any merchandise ,
so as aforesaid deposited or pledged ,
upon tender of the money ,
or of restoration of any negotiable instrument so advanced ,
or given to such consignee or factor ,
and upon tender of such further sum of money ,
or of restoration of such other negotiable instrument ,
if any ,
as may have been advanced or given by such consignee or factor to such owner ,
or on tender of a sum of money equal to the amount of such instrument .
30 .-
IV .
Nor to prevent such owner from recovering ,
from the person accepting or taking such merchandise in deposit or pledge ,
any balance or sum .
of money remaining in his hands as the produce of the sale of such merchandise ,
after deducting the amount of money or the negotiable instrument so advanced or given upon the security thereof as aforesaid .
31 .-
6 .
If any consignee or factor shall deposit or pledge any merchandise or document as aforesaid ,
consigned or intrusted to him as a security for any money borrowed ,
or negotiable instrument received by such consignee or factor ,
and shall apply and dispose of the same to his own use ,
in violation of good faith ,
and with intent to defraud the owner of such merchandise ,
and if any consignee or factor shall ,
with the like fraudulent intent ,
apply or dispose of ,
to his own use ,
any money or negotiable instrument ,
raised or acquired by the sale or other disposition of such merchandise ,
such consignee or factor shall ,
in every such case ,
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor ,
and shall be punished by a fine ,
not exceeding two thousand dollars ,
and by imprisonment ,
for a term not exceeding five years .
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r - Replace lt;NA gt; in a factor column - Stack Overflow I had similar issues and I want to add what I consider the most pragmatic (and also tidy) solution: Convert the column to a character column, use mutate and a simple ifelse-statement to change the NA values to what you want the factor level to be (I have chosen "None"), convert it back to a factor column:
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