caloric 音标拼音: [kəl'ɔrɪk]
n . 热
a . 热的,热量的,卡路里的
热热的,热量的,卡路里的
caloric adj 1 :
relating to or associated with heat ; "
thermal movements of molecules "; "
thermal capacity "; "
thermic energy "; "
the caloric effect of sunlight " [
synonym : {
thermal }, {
thermic },
{
caloric }] [
ant : {
nonthermal }]
2 :
of or relating to calories in food ; "
comparison of foods on a caloric basis "; "
the caloric content of foods "
Caloric \
Ca *
lor "
ic \,
n . [
L .
calor heat ;
cf .
F .
calorique .]
(
Physics )
The principle of heat ,
or the agent to which the phenomena of heat and combustion were formerly ascribed ; --
not now used in scientific nomenclature ,
but sometimes used as a general term for heat .
[
1913 Webster ]
Caloric expands all bodies . --
Henry .
[
1913 Webster ]
Caloric \
Ca *
lor "
ic \,
a .
Of or pertaining to caloric .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Caloric engine },
a kind of engine operated by heated air .
[
1913 Webster ]
Heat \
Heat \ (
h [=
e ]
t ),
n . [
OE .
hete ,
h [
ae ]
te ,
AS .
h [=
ae ]
tu ,
h [=
ae ]
to ,
fr .
h [=
a ]
t hot ;
akin to OHG .
heizi heat ,
Dan .
hede ,
Sw .
hetta .
See {
Hot }.]
1 .
A force in nature which is recognized in various effects ,
but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation ,
and which ,
as manifested in fire ,
the sun '
s rays ,
mechanical action ,
chemical combination ,
etc .,
becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling .
In its nature heat is a mode of motion ,
being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration .
It was formerly supposed to be a subtile ,
imponderable fluid ,
to which was given the name {
caloric }.
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
As affecting the human body ,
heat produces different sensations ,
which are called by different names ,
as heat or sensible heat ,
warmth ,
cold ,
etc .,
according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive ,
or above that which is normal to the human body ;
the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire ,
the sun '
s rays ,
etc .;
the reverse of {
cold }.
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
High temperature ,
as distinguished from low temperature ,
or cold ;
as ,
the heat of summer and the cold of winter ;
heat of the skin or body in fever ,
etc .
[
1913 Webster ]
Else how had the world . . .
Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat ! --
Milton .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
Indication of high temperature ;
appearance ,
condition ,
or color of a body ,
as indicating its temperature ;
redness ;
high color ;
flush ;
degree of temperature to which something is heated ,
as indicated by appearance ,
condition ,
or otherwise .
[
1913 Webster ]
It has raised . . .
heats in their faces . --
Addison .
[
1913 Webster ]
The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood -
red heat ,
a white -
flame heat ,
and a sparkling or welding heat . --
Moxon .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 .
A single complete operation of heating ,
as at a forge or in a furnace ;
as ,
to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats .
[
1913 Webster ]
6 .
A violent action unintermitted ;
a single effort ;
a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses ;
as ,
he won two heats out of three .
[
1913 Webster ]
Many causes . . .
for refreshment betwixt the heats .
--
Dryden .
[
1913 Webster ]
[
He ]
struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "
Tam o '
Shanter ." --
J .
C .
Shairp .
[
1913 Webster ]
7 .
Utmost violence ;
rage ;
vehemence ;
as ,
the heat of battle or party . "
The heat of their division ." --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
8 .
Agitation of mind ;
inflammation or excitement ;
exasperation . "
The heat and hurry of his rage ." --
South .
[
1913 Webster ]
9 .
Animation ,
as in discourse ;
ardor ;
fervency ;
as ,
in the heat of argument .
[
1913 Webster ]
With all the strength and heat of eloquence .
--
Addison .
[
1913 Webster ]
10 . (
Zool .)
Sexual excitement in animals ;
readiness for sexual activity ;
estrus or rut .
[
1913 Webster PJC ]
11 .
Fermentation .
[
1913 Webster ]
12 .
Strong psychological pressure ,
as in a police investigation ;
as ,
when they turned up the heat ,
he took it on the lam . [
slang ]
[
PJC ]
{
Animal heat }, {
Blood heat }, {
Capacity for heat },
etc .
See under {
Animal }, {
Blood },
etc .
{
Atomic heat } (
Chem .),
the product obtained by multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat .
The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant ,
the mean value being 6 .
4 .
{
Dynamical theory of heat },
that theory of heat which assumes it to be ,
not a peculiar kind of matter ,
but a peculiar motion of the ultimate particles of matter .
{
Heat engine },
any apparatus by which a heated substance ,
as a heated fluid ,
is made to perform work by giving motion to mechanism ,
as a hot -
air engine ,
or a steam engine .
{
Heat producers }. (
Physiol .)
See under {
Food }.
{
Heat rays },
a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum ,
whether within or beyond the visible spectrum .
{
Heat weight } (
Mech .),
the product of any quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature ; --
called also {
thermodynamic function },
and {
entropy }.
{
Mechanical equivalent of heat }.
See under {
Equivalent }.
{
Specific heat of a substance (
at any temperature )},
the number of units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one degree .
{
Unit of heat },
the quantity of heat required to raise ,
by one degree ,
the temperature of a unit mass of water ,
initially at a certain standard temperature .
The temperature usually employed is that of 0 [
deg ]
Centigrade ,
or 32 [
deg ]
Fahrenheit .
[
1913 Webster ]
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