surcharge 音标拼音: [sɚtʃ'ɑrdʒ] [s'ɚtʃ
, ɑrdʒ]
n . 装载过多,超载,追加罚款,额外费
vt . 使装载过多,追加罚款
装载过多,超载,追加罚款,额外费使装载过多,追加罚款
surcharge n 1 :
an additional charge (
as for items previously omitted or as a penalty for failure to exercise common caution or common skill )
v 1 :
charge an extra fee ,
as for a special service 2 :
rip off ;
ask an unreasonable price [
synonym : {
overcharge },
{
soak }, {
surcharge }, {
gazump }, {
fleece }, {
plume }, {
pluck },
{
rob }, {
hook }] [
ant : {
undercharge }]
3 :
fill to capacity with people ; "
The air raids had surcharged the emergency wards "
4 :
print a new denomination on a stamp or a banknote 5 :
fill to an excessive degree ; "
The air was surcharged with tension "
6 :
place too much a load on ; "
don '
t overload the car " [
synonym :
{
overload }, {
surcharge }, {
overcharge }]
7 :
show an omission in (
an account )
for which credit ought to have been given Surcharge \
Sur *
charge "\,
n . [
F .]
1 .
An overcharge ;
an excessive load or burden ;
a load greater than can well be borne .
[
1913 Webster ]
A numerous nobility causeth poverty and inconvenience in a state ,
for it is surcharge of expense . --
Bacon .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 . (
Law )
(
a )
The putting ,
by a commoner ,
of more beasts on the common than he has a right to .
(
b ) (
Equity )
The showing an omission ,
as in an account ,
for which credit ought to have been given . --
Burrill .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 . (
Railroads )
A charge over the usual or legal rates .
[
Webster 1913 Suppl .]
4 .
Something printed or written on a postage stamp to give it a new legal effect ,
as a new valuation ,
a place ,
a date ,
etc .;
also (
Colloq .),
a stamp with a surcharge .
[
Webster 1913 Suppl .]
Surcharge \
Sur *
charge "\,
v .
t . [
imp . &
p .
p . {
Surcharged };
p .
pr . &
vb .
n . {
Surcharging }.] [
F .
surcharger .
See {
Sur -},
and {
Charge },
and cf . {
Overcharge }, {
Supercharge }, {
Supercargo }.]
1 .
To overload ;
to overburden ;
to overmatch ;
to overcharge ;
as ,
to surcharge a beast or a ship ;
to surcharge a cannon .
[
1913 Webster ]
Four charged two ,
and two surcharged one . --
Spenser .
[
1913 Webster ]
Your head reclined ,
as hiding grief from view ,
Droops like a rose surcharged with morning dew .
--
Dryden .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 . (
Law )
(
a )
To overstock ;
especially ,
to put more cattle into ,
as a common ,
than the person has a right to do ,
or more than the herbage will sustain .
Blackstone .
(
b ) (
Equity )
To show an omission in (
an account )
for which credit ought to have been given . --
Story .
Daniel .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
To print or write a surcharge on (
a postage stamp ).
[
Webster 1913 Suppl .]
93 Moby Thesaurus words for "
surcharge ":
bale ,
bleed ,
bleed white ,
burden ,
burdening ,
burthen ,
cargo ,
charge ,
charging ,
choke ,
clip ,
congest ,
congestion ,
cram ,
crowd ,
cumber ,
cumbrance ,
deadweight ,
doctor accounts ,
drag ,
drench ,
encumbrance ,
engorgement ,
exploit ,
exploitation ,
extortion ,
fleece ,
freight ,
garble accounts ,
glut ,
gluttonize ,
gorge ,
gouge ,
handicap ,
highway robbery ,
hold up ,
holdup ,
hyperemia ,
incubus ,
incumbency ,
jam ,
jam -
pack ,
lading ,
load ,
loading ,
loan -
sharking ,
millstone ,
oppression ,
overassessment ,
overbrimming ,
overburden ,
overcharge ,
overfeed ,
overfill ,
overflow ,
overfreight ,
overfullness ,
overlade ,
overload ,
overprice ,
overspill ,
overstuff ,
overtax ,
overtaxing ,
overweight ,
overweighting ,
pack ,
plethora ,
pressure ,
profiteer ,
repletion ,
saddling ,
salt ,
satiate ,
satiety ,
saturate ,
saturation ,
screw ,
shylocking ,
skin ,
soak ,
stick ,
sting ,
stuff ,
supercharge ,
superincumbency ,
supersaturate ,
supersaturation ,
surfeit ,
swindle ,
taxing ,
usury ,
victimize SURCHARGE ,
chancery practice .
When a bill is filed to open an account ,
stated ,
liberty is sometimes given to the plaintiff to surcharge and falsify such account .
That is ,
to examine not only errors of fact ,
but errors of law .
2 Atk .
112 ;
11 Wheat .
237 ;
2 Ves .
565 .
2 . "
These terms , `
surcharge ,'
and `
falsify ,'"
says Mr .
Justice Story ,
1 Eq .
Jur .
Sec .
525 , "
have a distinct sense in the vocabulary of courts of equity ,
a little removed from that ,
which they bear in the ordinary language of common life .
In the language of common life ,
we understand `
surcharge '
to import an overcharge in quantity ,
or price ,
or degree ,
beyond what is just and reasonable .
In this sense ,
it is nearly equivalent to `
falsify ;'
for every item ,
which is not truly charged ,
as it should be ,
is false ;
and by establishing such overcharge it is falsified .
But ,
in the sense of courts of equity ,
these words are used in contradistinction to each other .
A surcharge is appropriately applied to the balance of the whole account ;
and supposes credits to be omitted ,
which ought to be allowed .
A falsification applies to some item in the debets ;
and supposes ,
that the item is wholly false ,
or in some part erroneous .
This distinction is taken notice of by Lord Hardwicke ;
and the words used by him are so clear ,
that they supersede all necessity for farther commentary . `
Upon a liberty to the plaintiff to surcharge ,
and falsify ,'
says he , `
the onus probandi is always on the party having that liberty ;
for the court takes it as a stated account ,
and establishes it .
But ,
if any of the parties can show an omission ,
for which credit ought to be ,
that is ,
a surcharge ,
or if anything is inserted ,
that is a wrong charge ,
he is at liberty to show it ,
and that is a falsification .
But that must be by proof on his side .
And that makes a great difference between the general cases of an open account ,
and were only [
leave ]
to surcharge and falsify ;
for such must be made out ."
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