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  • Martingale (probability theory) - Wikipedia
    In probability theory, a martingale is a stochastic process in which the expected value of the next observation, given all prior observations, is equal to the most recent value In other words, the conditional expectation of the next value, given the past, is equal to the present value
  • MARTINGALES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
    We will introduce the notion of a martingale and explore some key martingale results We will also explore several examples of martingales in discrete and continuous time such as Polya’s urn and Brownian motion
  • 本科生能看懂的学习理论（七）鞅 Martingale - 知乎
    由于下一节课我们要说的 Azuma 不等式和 McDiarmid 不等式都需要使用到 Martingale。 因此，我们将在这里解释它们： Martingale 的定义（X 版）让 (X_i)_ {i=1}^n 作为一个随机变量序…
  • [2407. 11914] Introduction to Martingales - arXiv. org
    It follows up with proofs of Kolomorgov's Theorem on conditional expectations, the Martingale Property, and the Pythagorean Theorem on Martingales Finally, it ends with Martingales' applications in finance
  • 1 De ning martingales - MIT Mathematics
    In order to see whether the sequence is a martingale, we need to show that E[Xn+1jFn] = Xn This requires us to put ourselves in the shoes of somebody who has all the information available up until stage n and to then work out what that somebody would consider the expectation of Xn+1 to be
  • Martingales - 名古屋大学
    This report introduces the basic theory of martingale in probability space equipped with filtration About discrete time martingale, the proof of Doob’s decomposition theorem is given
  • Understanding Martingales - Mathematics Stack Exchange
    Kallenberg's Foundations of Modern Probability treats conditional expectations in this way It is also important to realize here the dependence of martingales and its filtration, that is that projecting a random variable onto any other 'known information' may inhibit the martingale property
  • 鞅 (概率论) - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
    鞅的原名「martingale」原指一类於18世纪流行於 法国 的 投注策略，称为 加倍赌注法 [1]。 这类策略中最简单的一种策略是为博弈设计的。
  • 平賭 (機率論) - 維基百科，自由的百科全書
    平賭的原名「martingale」原指一類於18世紀流行於 法國 的 投注策略，稱為 加倍賭注法 [1]。 這類策略中最簡單的一種策略是為博弈設計的。 在博弈中，賭徒會擲硬幣，若硬幣正面向上，賭徒會贏得賭本，若硬幣反面向上，賭徒會輸掉賭本。
  • Gambling Math in Action: The Martingale Betting System in . . .
    In general, a martingale system assumes that the same bet is played repeatedly while raising its stake with a multiplier at every new game if the previous bet is lost For example, you bet $1





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