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confession 音标拼音: [kənf'ɛʃən] n. 自认,自白,招供 自认,自白,招供 confession n 1: an admission of misdeeds or faults 2: a written document acknowledging an offense and signed by the guilty party 3: ( Roman Catholic Church) the act of a penitent disclosing his sinfulness before a priest in the sacrament of penance in the hope of absolution 4: a public declaration of your faith 5: the document that spells out the belief system of a given church ( especially the Reformation churches of the 16th century) Confession \ Con* fes" sion\, n. [ F. confession, L. confessio.] 1. Acknowledgment; avowal, especially in a matter pertaining to one' s self; the admission of a debt, obligation, or crime. [ 1913 Webster] With a crafty madness keeps aloof, When we would bring him on to some confession Of his true state. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 2. Acknowledgment of belief; profession of one' s faith. [ 1913 Webster] With the mouth confession is made unto salvation. -- Rom. x. 10. [ 1913 Webster] 3. ( Eccl.) The act of disclosing sins or faults to a priest in order to obtain sacramental absolution. [ 1913 Webster] Auricular confession . . . or the private and special confession of sins to a priest for the purpose of obtaining his absolution. -- Hallam. [ 1913 Webster] 4. A formulary in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission to membership of a church; a confession of faith. [ 1913 Webster] 5. ( Law) An admission by a party to whom an act is imputed, in relation to such act. A judicial confession settles the issue to which it applies; an extrajudical confession may be explained or rebutted. -- Wharton. [ 1913 Webster] { Confession and avoidance} ( Law), a mode of pleading in which the party confesses the facts as stated by his adversary, but alleges some new matter by way of avoiding the legal effect claimed for them. -- Mozley & W. [ 1913 Webster] { Confession of faith}, a formulary containing the articles of faith; a creed. { General confession}, the confession of sins made by a number of persons in common, as in public prayer. { Westminster Confession}. See { Westminster Assembly}, under { Assembly}. [ 1913 Webster] 69 Moby Thesaurus words for " confession": abject apology, acceptance, acknowledgment, adherents, admission, agape, allowance, apology, appreciation, asperges, aspersion, auricular confession, avowal, bar mitzvah, bas mitzvah, breast- beating, by- line, celebration, church, circumcision, citation, class, communion, concession, confession of faith, confirmation, contrition, credit line, declaration, declaration of faith, denomination, disciples, excuse, faith, followers, high celebration, incense, invocation, invocation of saints, ism, kiss of peace, lesser litany, litany, love feast, lustration, mea culpa, order, owning, owning up, pax, penitence, persuasion, processional, profession, reciting the rosary, recognition, reference, regrets, rite of confession, school, sect, shrift, signature, telling of beads, the confessional, the confessionary, trademark, tribute, unbosomingConfession ( 1) An open profession of faith ( Luke 12: 8). ( 2.) An acknowledment of sins to God ( Lev. 16: 21; Ezra 9: 5- 15; Dan. 9: 3- 12), and to a neighbour whom we have wronged ( James 5: 16; Matt. 18: 15). CONFESSION, crim. law, evidence. The voluntary declaration made by a person who has committed a crime or misdemeanor, to another, of the agency or participation which he had in the same. 2. When made without bias or improper influence, confessions are admissible in evidence, as the highest and most satisfactory proof: because it is fairly presumed that no man would make such a confession against himself, if the facts confessed were not true but they are excluded, if liable to the of having been unfairly obtained. 3. Confessions should be received with great caution, as they are liable to many objections. There is danger of error from the misapprehension of witnesses, the misuse of words, the failure of a party to express his own meaning, the prisoner being oppressed by his unfortunate situation, and influenced by hope, fear, and sometimes a worse motive, to male an untrue confession. See the case of the two Boorns in Greenl. Ev. Sec. 214, note 1; North American Review, vol. 10, p. 418; 6 Carr. & P. 451; Joy on Confess. s. 14, p. 100; and see 1 Chit. Cr. Law, 85. 4. A confession must be made voluntarily, by the party himself, to another person. 1. It must be voluntary. A confession, forced from the mind by the flattery of hope, or the torture of fear, comes in so questionable a shape, when it is to be considered as evidence of guilt, that Lo credit ought to be given to it. 1 Leach, 263. This is the principle, but what amounts to a promise or a threat, is not so easily defined. Vide 2 East, P. C. 659; 2 Russ. on Cr. 644 4 Carr. & Payne, 387; S. C. 19 Eng. Com. L. Rep. 434; 1 Southard, R. 231 1 Wend. R. 625; 6 Wend. R. 268 5 Halst. R. 163 Mina' s Trial, 10; 5 Rogers' Rec. 177 2 Overton, R. 86 1 Hayw. ( N. C.) R, 482; 1 Carr. & Marsh. 584. But it must be observed that a confession will be considered as voluntarily made, although it was made after a promise of favor or threat of punishment, by a person not in authority, over the prisoner. If, however, a person having such authority over him be present at the time, and he express no dissent, evidence of such confession cannot be given. 8 Car. & Payne, 733. 5. - 2. The confession must be made by the party to be affected by it. It is evidence only against him. In case of a conspiracy, the acts of one conspirator are the acts of all, while active in the progress of the conspiracy, but after it is over, the confession of one as to the part he and others took in the crime, is not evidence against any but himself. Phil. Ev. 76, 77; 2 Russ. on Cr. 653. 6. - 3. The confession must be to another person. It may be made to a private individual, or under examination before a magistrate. The whole of the confession must be taken, together with whatever conversation took place at the time of the confession. Roscoe' s Ev. N. P. 36; 1 Dall. R. 240 Id. 392; 3 Halst. 27 5 2 Penna. R. 27; 1 Rogers' Rec. 66; 3 Wheeler' s C. C. 533; 2 Bailey' s R. 569; 5 Rand. R. 701. 7. Confession, in another sense, is where a prisoner being arraigned for an offence, confesses or admits the crime with which he is charged, whereupon the plea of guilty is entered. Com Dig. Indictment, K; Id. Justices, W 3; Arch. Cr. Pl. 1 2 1; Harr. Dig. b. t.; 20 Am. Jur. 68; Joy on Confession. 8. Confessions are classed into judicial and extra judicial. Judicial confessions are those made before a magistrate, or in court, in the due course of legal proceedings; when made freely by the party, and with a full and perfect knowledge of their nature and consequences, they are sufficient to found a conviction. These confessions are such as are authorized by a statute, as to take a preliminary examination in writing; or they are by putting in the plea of guilty to an indictment. Extra judicial confessions are those which are made by the part elsewhere than before a magistrate or in open court. 1 Greenl. Ev. Sec. 216. See, generally, 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 3081- 2.
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