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bureaucracy 音标拼音: [bjʊr'ɑkrəsi] n. 官僚,官吏 官僚,官吏 bureaucracy n 1: nonelective government officials [ synonym: { bureaucracy}, { bureaucratism}] 2: a government that is administered primarily by bureaus that are staffed with nonelective officials 3: any organization in which action is obstructed by insistence on unnecessary procedures and red tapeBureaucracy \ Bu* reau" cra* cy\, n. [ Bureau Gr. ? to be strong, to govern, ? strength: cf. F. bureaucratie.] 1. A system of carrying on the business of government by means of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in contradiction to a system in which the officers of government have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government conducted on this system. [ 1913 Webster] 2. Government officials, collectively; -- used especially of nonelected government officials. [ 1913 Webster PJC] 48 Moby Thesaurus words for " bureaucracy": administration, authorities, beadledom, beat, beaten path, bumbledom, bureaucratism, chinoiserie, daily grind, directorate, government, grind, groove, hierarchy, higher echelons, higher- ups, jog trot, management, ministry, official jargon, officialdom, officialism, prelacy, red tape, red- tapeism, red- tapery, round, routine, ruling class, ruling classes, run, rut, squirrel cage, the Establishment, the administration, the authorities, the ingroup, the interests, the people upstairs, the power elite, the power structure, the top, them, they, top brass, track, treadmill, well- worn groove
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