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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Calipers \Cal"i*pers\, n. pl. [Corrupted from caliber.]
An instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or
compasses with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or
thickness of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer,
timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes,
etc.; -- called also {caliper compasses}, or {caliber
compasses}.
[1913 Webster]

{Caliper square}, a draughtsman's or mechanic's square,
having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws.
--Knight.

{Vernier calipers}. See {Vernier}.
[1913 Webster]